Easy CNC, A Beginner's Guide to CNC
by David Benson

By David Benson
Paperback, 181 pages 8-1/2" × 11"
Publisher: Square 1 Electronics

Price: $34.95

"Easy CNC, A Beginner's Guide to CNC" is an interesting take on a somewhat complex topic. This book is the author's guide to the techniques and software that he found to be the shortest path to completing most simple CNC projects. He lays out the software and methods he uses to complete these tasks. The book is not a general guide to CNC, or a complete manual on the subject, but rather a personal lesson in the simplest route to take for a beginner. As I read the book I found myself thinking "But you could also do this...", or "What about that piece of software..", however this book isn't about exploring all the options, it's about getting your mill making chips when you first start out. This is a refreshing tack for a book to take and a help for those who, having unpacked their new CNC mill, ask "well now what do I do?"

The first major section, "CNC Concepts", covers the basic theory of CNC machine tools, axis, toolpaths and the like. It then goes into a good generic description of CNC control programs, which are usually machine and or user preference dependent. The "G-code" part has an excellent in depth exploration of the four fundamental G-code commands, G00, G01, G02, G03 as well as how to write G-code programs from scratch. If you don't know what I'm talking about, then this is the book for you!

The next section covers the various drawing programs the author uses, and what type of drawings are produced and how they are utilized in CNC. This section contains good instructions on using Corel Draw Essentials for producing bitmap (raster) pictures, and Autosketch for producing CAD (vector) drawings. I use Autosketch myself for most 2D drawings so I concur that it is a good program when beginning to learn CAD. He also covers converting a bitmap image to a vector image using software (DeskCNC) and milling the drawings in a block of wood. The only quibble I have here is that I use Autosketch for most text engraving as it has a great text to polyline conversion, instead of using a bitmap program to do my text drawing. Again, if you don't know what I'm talking about, this is the book for you!

After learning how to draw, trace and draft the parts we want to make, he moves on to CAM programs, which take a vector drawing and produce the G-codes that a control program requires to run the machine axis. The lessons revolve around one particular CAM program, DeskCNC, so while the concepts will extend to other CAM programs, the actual practice is only relevant to those planning on using DeskCNC. He covers how to mill the various parts that were drawn in the previous chapters, which is great for showing the procedures and steps involved in turning a drawing into G-code. If this still sounds like a foreign language to you, then need I say it, you need this book.

So who should buy this book? Anyone who doesn't understand a word in my review but who also wants to get into the exciting world of CNC machining. Also if you are considering using Autosketch or DeskCNC, it is a good primer in the use of the software. If you are already making chips with your CNC mill, chances are you don't need to buy this book (and instead would be better served by a text such as the "CNC Programming Handbook"). If you want to teach someone to use a CNC mill, starting at square one (coincidentally also the name of the publishers of this book) it is the only book available that will get a complete neophyte started.

You can order the book from Square 1 electronics


Table of Contents

  • INTRODUCTION

    For experimenter (hobbyist) or student
    Overview of topics covered in book
    Examples are 3-axis but ....
    DIY, retrofitted, or factory-built machines

  • USING A COMPUTER

    The basics
    Copy or cut and paste
    Software use instructions
    Summary

  • CNC CONCEPTS

    Toolpath
    G-code
    Axes, origin, and coordinates
    Toolpath vs. cutter
    Which direction relative to what?
    Conventional vs. climb milling
    Methodology

  • SOFTWARE

    Overview
    CNC software
    Bit map draw programs
    Vector draw programs
    CAD programs
    Converters
    CAM
    G-code interpreters

  • CNC MACHINE OPERATION

    Generic CNC machine and G-code interpreter
    On-screen user interface
    Jogging
    Rapid Height
    Tool library
    Running G-code files
    E-Stop and Limit Switches

  • G-CODE

    G-code commands and concepts
    Rapid travel at maximum feed rate = jog
    Current feed rate
    Modal commands
    Interpolation
    Absolute coordinates
    Driving the tip of the tool
    Creating G-code using a text editor
    Firing up a G-code interpreter to execute a G-code file
    G-code examples
    Setting up for experiments
    Rapid travel at maximum feed rate = jog
    Linear interpolation
    Straight
    Right angle
    Diagonal
    Circular interpolation
    Circle, larger circle in XY plane
    Arc in XY plane
    Add Z axis
    Arc
    Circle
    Arc using "r" value
    Toolpath
    Cut and paste
    Programming style
    Instruction placement
    Comments
    More complex moves
    Upper/Lower case
    Use of tabs
    Line numbers
    G-code generated by CAM programs
    Complete command set

  • SCANNING AN IMAGE

    Creating a bit map file

  • CREATING DRAWINGS

    Basic concepts
    Pencil Sketch
    Draw programs
    Vector vs bit map
    CorelDraw Essentials
    CAD programs
    AutoSketch
    File formats
    Machining and woodworking
    Art
    Sign making
    Printed circuit boards

  • USING A BIT MAP DRAW PROGRAM

    CorelDRAW Essentials
    Tools
    Rectangle tool
    Delete - procedure
    Outline tool
    Fill tool
    Freehand tool
    Shape tool
    Text tool
    Zoom tool
    Moving the scales - procedure
    Kidney example
    Adots example

  • USING A BIT MAP IMAGE CONVERTER PROGRAM - BIT MAP TO G-CODE

    Image file to G-code for engraving
    Image manipulation
    How images are converted by DeskCNC
    Kidney - engrave using outline image
    Engraving - using DeskCNC G-code interpreter
    Kidney - engrave using filled image
    Kidney - contour using filled image
    Contouring - using DeskCNC G-code interpreter
    Kidney - pocket using filled image
    Pocketing - using DeskCNC G-code interpreter
    Adots examples
    Adots - engrave
    Adots - pocket the objects
    Adots - pocket around the objects
    Adots - carve

  • USING A CAD PROGRAM

    CAD concepts
    AutoSketch
    Getting started with AutoSketch
    Drawing size
    Origin
    Precision
    Grid settings
    Toolbar locations
    All-In-One toolbar simplified
    Snap modes toolbar simplified
    Snap modes
    Draw a straight line
    How to delete an entity
    Edit>Undo
    Line width
    Zoom tool
    Moving the scales - procedure
    Draw a rectangle
    Draw a circle
    Draw an arc
    Trim options
    Edge
    Round (or fillet)
    Bevel (or chamfer)
    Trimming by defining a channel (object trim)
    Offset and parallel entities
    Angles - polar coordinates snap
    Drawing off the grid
    Picking off coordinates using the Inquire tool
    Explode function
    DXF file format
    Examples
    Link
    Picking off link example coordinates
    Rotor
    Pulley
    Routing curves
    Vertex - based editing
    Summary

  • USING A CAM PROGRAM - DXF TO G-CODE

    DXF partial part drawing file to toolpaths and G-code
      using DeskCNC
    DeskCNC CAM features, definitions and use rules
    Definitions
    Rules and guidelines
    Direction
    Effect of direction on pocketing a single closed
    region
    Compensation for contouring operations
    Conventional vs. climb milling
    Tool size and X Y step over selections for
    pocketing operations
    Pocketing out to in vs. in to out
    Select>Select Single
    Two different directions - same part
    Combining chunks of code - apend
    Rules demonstration examples
    Open region such as a straight line or an arc
    One closed region such as a circle
    Two closed regions, one inside the other
    Three closed regions inside a fourth closed region
    Four closed regions - floating
    Three regions "concentric"
    Practical Examples
    Straight line
    Milling
    Plasma cutting
    Arc
    Circle
    Contour - follow line, cut outside, cut inside
    Pocket
    Rough only, integral number of passes
    Rough plus finishing pass
    Square - contour outside
    Single pass
    Rough plus finish pass
    Circle within a square - follow the lines
    Circle within a square - contour inside the circle and
       outside the square
    Two directions
    Circle within a square - pocket between
    As is
    Add finishing pass to pocket operation
    Add contour pass around square to remove
    corner projections
    Drill four holes
    Link - contour
    Contour Z-step roughing vs. side of end mill
    roughing.
    Rotor - pocket
    Pulley - cutouts

  • APPENDIX A - DeskCNC

    DeskCNC modes
    DeskCNC view controls
    Art mode
    Machine, Edit, and DXF modes
    DeskCNC - viewing DXF file information on-screen
    View - show directions
    View - information tags
    DeskCNC Tool Library
    DeskCNC make a part procedure
    DeskCNC view and edit G-code

  • APPENDIX B - OTHER BOOKS FROM SQUARE 1 ELECTRONICS

    Easy Step'n
    Future CNC Books
    PICİ  Microcontroller Books

  • APPENDIX C - SOURCES

    Sources


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